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Search categories: Sign up | Sign in What are the causes of Turrets
Syndrome and what are it's main symptoms? What are the causes of
Turrets Syndrome and what are it's main symptoms?
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Answers Answer from bri32 3 of 5 people found this helpful The exact
cause of Tourette's is unknown, but it is well established that
genetic and environmental factors are involved
Causes
Main article: Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome
The exact cause of Tourette's is unknown, but it is well established
that both genetic and environmental factors are involved.[31] Genetic
studies have shown that the overwhelming majority of cases of
Tourette's are inherited, although the exact mode of inheritance is
not yet known,[32] and no gene has been identified.[6] In some cases,
tics may not be inherited; these cases are identified as "sporadic"
Tourette syndrome (also known as tourettism) because a genetic link is
missing.[33]
Brain structures implicated in Tourette's syndromeA person with
Tourette's has about a 50% chance of passing the gene(s) to one of his
or her children, but Tourette's is a condition of variable expression
and incomplete penetrance.[34] Thus, not everyone who inherits the
genetic vulnerability will show symptoms; even close family members
may show different severities of symptoms, or no symptoms at all. The
gene(s) may express as Tourette's, as a milder tic disorder (transient
or chronic tics), or as obsessive compulsive symptoms without tics.
Only a minority of the children who inherit the gene(s) have symptoms
severe enough to require medical attention.[15] Gender appears to have
a role in the expression of the genetic vulnerability: males are more
likely than females to express tics.[25]
Non-genetic, environmental, infectious, or psychosocial factors—while
not causing Tourette's—can influence its severity.[6] Autoimmune
processes may affect tic onset and exacerbation in some cases. In
1998, a team at the National Institute of Mental Health proposed a
hypothesis that both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic
disorders may arise in a subset of children as a result of a
poststreptococcal autoimmune process.[35] Children who meet five
diagnostic criteria are classified, according to the hypothesis, as
having Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with
Streptococcal infections (PANDAS).[36] This contentious hypothesis is
the focus of clinical and laboratory research, but remains
unproven.[37][38]
The exact mechanism affecting the inherited vulnerability to
Tourette's has not been established, and the precise etiology is
unknown. Tics are believed to result from dysfunction in cortical and
subcortical regions, the thalamus, basal ganglia and frontal
cortex.[31] Neuroanatomic models implicate failures in circuits
connecting the brain's cortex and subcortex,[6] and imaging techniques
implicate the basal ganglia and frontal cortex.[39]
Some forms of OCD may be genetically linked to Tourette's.[22][40] A
subset of OCD is thought to be etiologically related to Tourette's and
may be a different expression of the same factors that are important
for the expression of tics.[41] The genetic relationship of ADHD to
Tourette syndrome, however, has not been fully established.[30]
Tourette syndrome (also called Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's
disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or, more commonly,
simply Tourette's or TS) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder
with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of multiple
physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic; these tics
characteristically wax and wane. Tourette's is defined as part of a
spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics.
Tourette's was once considered a rare and bizarre syndrome, most often
associated with the exclamation of obscene words or socially
inappropriate and derogatory remarks (coprolalia). However, this
symptom is present in only a small minority of people with
Tourette's.[1] Tourette's is no longer considered a rare condition,
but it may not always be correctly identified because most cases are
classified as mild. Between 1 and 10 children per 1,000 have
Tourette's;[2] as many as 10 per 1,000 people may have tic
disorders,[3][4] with the more common tics of eye blinking, coughing,
throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements. People with
Tourette's have normal life expectancy and intelligence. The severity
of the tics decreases for most children as they pass through
adolescence, and extreme Tourette's in adulthood is a rarity. Notable
individuals with Tourette's are found in all walks of life.[5]
Genetic and environmental factors each play a role in the etiology of
Tourette's, but the exact causes are unknown. In most cases,
medication is unnecessary. There is no effective medication for every
case of tics, but there are medications and therapies that can help
when their use is warranted. Explanation and reassurance alone are
often sufficient treatment;[6] education is an important part of any
treatment plan.[7]
The eponym was bestowed by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–93) on behalf of
his resident, Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette
(1859–1904), a French physician and neurologist, who published an
account of nine patients with Tourette's in 1885.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndrome
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Answer from wuena 3 of 5 people found this helpful It has genetic and
environmental causes, and is characterized by tics.
The exact cause of Tourette's is unknown, but it is well established
that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. Genetic
studies have shown that the overwhelming majority of cases of
Tourette's are inherited, although the exact mode of inheritance is
not yet known, and no gene has been identified. In some cases, tics
may not be inherited; these cases are identified as "sporadic"
Tourette syndrome (also known as tourettism) because a genetic link is
missing.
According to the revised fourth edition of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), Tourette’s
Disorder may be diagnosed when a person exhibits both multiple motor
and one or more vocal tics (although these do not need to be
concurrent) over the period of a year, with no more than three
consecutive tic-free months. The previous DSM-IV included a
requirement for "marked distress or significant impairment in social,
occupational or other important areas of functioning", but this
requirement was removed in the most recent update of the manual, in
recognition that clinicians see patients who meet all the other
criteria for Tourette's, but do not have distress or impairment. The
onset must have occurred before the age of 18, and cannot be
attributed to the "direct physiological effects of a substance or a
general medical condition". Hence, other medical conditions that
include tics or tic-like movements—such as autism or other causes of
tourettism—must be ruled out before conferring a Tourette's diagnosis.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndrome#Causes
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Answer from AnneLiese 1 of 2 people found this helpful The cause of it
is abnormality in gene(s) affecting the brain's metabolism of
neurotransmitters.
What causes Tourette Syndrome?
Although the basic cause of Tourette Syndrome is unknown, current
research suggests that there is an abnormality in the gene(s)
affecting the brain's metabolism of neurotransmitters such as
dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Neurotransmitters are
chemicals in the brain that carry signals from one nerve cell to
another.
What are the symptoms of Tourette Syndrome?
The first symptoms of are usually facial tics--commonly eye blinking.
However, facial tics can also include nose twitching or grimaces. With
time, other motor tics may appear such as head jerking, neck
stretching, foot stamping, or body twisting and bending.
Tourette Syndrome patients may utter strange and unacceptable sounds,
words, or phrases. It is not uncommon for a person with TS to
continuously clear his or her throat, cough, sniff, grunt, yelp, bark,
or shout.
People with Tourette Syndrome may involuntarily shout obscenities
(coprolalia) or constantly repeat the words of other people
(echolalia). They may touch other people excessively or repeat actions
obsessively and unnecessarily. A few patients with severe Tourette
Syndrome demonstrate self-harming behaviors such as lip and cheek
biting and head banging against hard objects. However, these behaviors
are extremely rare.
Tics alternately increase and decrease in severity, and periodically
change in number, frequency, type, and location. Symptoms may subside
for weeks or months at a time and later recur.
Sources:
http://www.healthnewsflash.com/conditions/tourette_syndrome.php
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Answer from newuser19958629 0 of 1 people found this helpful Unknown,
Tics
Tourette syndrome (also called Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's
disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or, more commonly,
simply Tourette's or TS) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder
with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of multiple
physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic; these tics
characteristically wax and wane. Tourette's is defined as part of a
spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics.
The exact cause of Tourette's is unknown, but it is well established
that both genetic and environmental factors are involved.[31] Genetic
studies have shown that the overwhelming majority of cases of
Tourette's are inherited, although the exact mode of inheritance is
not yet known,[32] and no gene has been identified.[6] In some cases,
tics may not be inherited; these cases are identified as "sporadic"
Tourette syndrome (also known as tourettism) because a genetic link is
missing
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turrets_syndrome#Causes
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ago
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