http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/26773/?p1=Blogs
Atmosphere Above Japan Heated Rapidly Before M9 Earthquake
Infrared emissions above the epicenter increased dramatically in the days before the devastating
earthquake in Japan, say scientists.
Billede:
http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/files/63290/Tohoku%20earthquake.png
Geologists have long puzzled over anecdotal reports of strange atmospheric phenomena in the days
before big earthquakes. But good data to back up these stories has been hard to come by.
In recent years, however, various teams have set up atmospheric monitoring stations in earthquake
zones and a number of satellites are capable of sending back data about the state of the upper
atmosphere and the ionosphere during an earthquake.
Last year, we looked at some fascinating data from the DEMETER spacecraft showing a significant
increase in ultra-low frequency radio signals before the magnitude 7 Haiti earthquake in January
2010
Today, Dimitar Ouzounov at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre in Maryland and a few buddies
present the data from the Great Tohoku earthquake which devastated Japan on 11 March. Their results,
although preliminary, are eye-opening.
They say that before the M9 earthquake, the total electron content of the ionosphere increased
dramatically over the epicentre, reaching a maximum three days before the quake struck.
At the same time, satellite observations showed a big increase in infrared emissions from above the
epicentre, which peaked in the hours before the quake. In other words, the atmosphere was heating
up.
These kinds of observations are consistent with an idea called the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere
Coupling mechanism. The thinking is that in the days before an earthquake, the great stresses in a
fault as it is about to give cause the releases large amounts of radon.
The radioactivity from this gas ionises the air on a large scale and this has a number of knock on
effects. Since water molecules are attracted to ions in the air, ionisation triggers the large scale
condensation of water.
But the process of condensation also releases heat and it is this that causes infrared emissions.
"Our first results show that on March 8th a rapid increase of emitted infrared radiation was
observed from the satellite data," say Ouzounov and co.
These emissions go on to effect the ionosphere and its total electron content.
It certainly makes sense that the lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere are coupled in a way that
can be measured when one of them is perturbed. The question is to what extent the new evidence backs
up this idea.
The Japan earthquake is the largest to have struck the island in modern times and will certainly
turn out to be among the best studied. If good evidence of this relationship doesn't emerge from
this data, other opportunities will be few and far between.
Ref: arxiv.org/abs/1105.2841: Atmosphere-Ionosphere Response to the M9 Tohoku Earthquake Revealed by
Joined Satellite and Ground Observations. Preliminary Results.
Jan Rasmussen